Unresolved Trauma

Epigenetics and trauma are deeply connected, as traumatic experiences can alter gene expression without changing DNA itself. Drawing from neuroscience, psychology, and his clinical experience, Bessel van der Kolk explains in The Body Keeps the Score, how trauma reshapes the brain and body, leading to lasting emotional and physical effects. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, can turn genes on or off in response to stress, potentially passing trauma’s impact to future generations. This highlights the need for holistic, body-based therapies to rewire the brain and promote healing, as trauma’s effects extend beyond psychology to the very biology of our genes.

Fear or fearful memories can be inherited across generations.
Studies on both animals and humans show that trauma can cause epigenetic changes, which alter gene expression and influence the behavior and stress responses of offspring. These findings are important for understanding how trauma is transmitted across generations and its effects on mental health.

Family trauma can be passed down.
Intergenerational transmission of trauma has been observed in survivors of events like the Dutch famine and the Holocaust. It involves changes in gene expression rather than alterations to DNA itself. These changes can be inherited but are not permanent; they can be influenced by later experiences and actions.

Childhood trauma can cause inheritable DNA changes through epigenetic modifications, particularly in DNA methylation patterns of a stress-regulation gene. These changes are associated with trauma severity and PTSD, offering a molecular explanation for the long-term effects of early adversity on stress response systems and mental health across generations.

Traumatic experiences can alter gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms, influencing both individuals and future generations. These changes affect stress response systems and elevate the risk of mental health disorders. The article emphasizes the need to understand epigenetics in trauma research and clinical practice, offering insights into the biological basis of trauma-related conditions and strategies for intervention and prevention.

Trauma bonding is an intense emotional connection formed between individuals through shared traumatic experiences. It can occur in romantic, friendship, and parent-child relationships. Signs include dependency on the abuser, prioritizing their needs, and difficulty leaving the relationship. The article highlights the need to recognize and address trauma bonding to break free from toxic and abusive situations.